虚拟语气:

表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。

一、条件状语从句中的用法 从句 谓语形式 主句 谓语形式 were/ did would/could/should 现在 (+not) + do had done 过去 would/could/should/might (not) + have done 1. were/did would/could/should/might 将来 2. should do (not) 3. were to do + do 简单记法： if were/did, would do

if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do

举例：

If I were you, I would do nothing about it.

If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping.

附注：

虚拟语气，条件状从倒装

状语从句中，去掉if, 提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up

If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world should come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end……

另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气 But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed.

We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat. （表示可能性小）

但其实，高中英语考试也常考：

错综虚拟语气条件句

即： 假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致，此时，主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。 举例：

If our government had known better how to lay out the road construction, the traffic jam problem would not be so serious today.

(lay out 规划、设计、安排、陈设、摆放… layout n.布局、规划)

二、特殊句式： 1. wish +宾语从句 现在 Were／did Had done 过去 将来 Would/could/might do 去掉should I wish my parents wouldn’t punish me. I wish I hadn’t made such an irrevocable mistake. (irrevocable不可撤销、不可以挽回的)

2.「十个词」

一坚持：insist （表示坚持主张、认为，不表示坚持说） 二命令：order, command

三建议：advise, propose, suggest （表示建议，不表示表明、显示、暗示） 四要求：desire, demand, require, request (两R两D)

这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用 (should +) do的形式 should可省略 例：

We suggested that Tom （should）have a rest.

It’s suggested that the plan be carried out before long. (before long, 不久之后, long before很久以前) 尝试翻译：他坚决要求我到场

同时，这些动词的名词形式构成的名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、同位语）也要用虚拟语气

order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire. 例

It’s an order that the soldiers obey the rules in the army.

My suggestion is that everyone of us three finish one part of this project and then we integrate them together. (integrate整合)

3. would rather 宁愿 从句当中谓语形式 现在 过去时 过去 过去完成时 将来 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had been to the movie instead of me. Don’t come today, I would rather you came tomorrow.

4. 部分As if/though 句子 好像、似乎

Tom told me this fairy tale in a manner as if it had happened for real yesterday.

5. If only……. 要是…就好了 从句中谓语动词形式： 现在 过去式 Had done 过去

If only she knew that it's I who sent the gift to her.

6. It’s ( about/ high) time that 是时候做…… + 1、过去式 2、should do It's time that you went to bed.

说到这里，补充两个句式：

It is the 1st (2nd /3rd ) time that … have/ has done…. It was the 1st time that … had done….

7. It’s necessary/ strange/ natural/ important/essential that……. 从句动词用 (should) do

It’s essential that we master a foreign language when doing international trade and business. (essential 必要的、本质的、基本的…..)

8. 情态动词+have done

would have done 本来要做

could have done 本能够做（却没做） might have done 本来可能

should/ought to have done 本来应该做

shouldn’t/ oughtn’t to have done 本来不应该做 needn’t have done 本来不必要做 你本来不应该告诉她真相。

当时我没有足够的钱，否则我会买那本书的。

练习：

1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_______.

A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2. He talked as if he ______ for years.

A. is living there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there. 3. ______ you listened to the doctor, you ______all right now. A. Had, would be B. Had, would have been C. If, would be D. If, would have been

4. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _______ much easier. A. will be B. would be

C. could have been D. would have been

5.______ today, he would get there by Friday. (双选)

A. Had he left B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave E. Would he leave

6. He treated me as though ____ his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 7. _________I be free tomorrow, I could go with you

A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must 8. Should it rain, the crops__________

A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 9. Have you ever been to Tokyo? ----No. but I wish I ______.

A. have B. will C. do D. had 10 .I wish I _______ there then.

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 11. She was so upset that she burst into tears. I would rather you _______her all about it, A didn’t tell B. hadn’t told B. don’t tell D. won’t tell

12. The young man insisted that he __________ nothing wrong and ______free A. did; set B. had done; should be set

C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set

13. He made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______Iraq A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for

14. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____ the rules. A. obeys B. obey

15. It’s time that we _____ to bed.

A. must go B. will go C. went D. have gone 16. If only I _________ my watch.

A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t D. don’t 17. If only I _______ as young as you are.

A. being B. am C. be D. were E. was

18. A few minutes earlier and we ______ the train. (双选)

A. have caught B. had caught C. were to catch D. could have caught E. would have caught

19.Do you know where he comes from?

No, but his accent suggests that he _____from the south. A. was B. be C. is D. were

20. I was quite busy yesterday, otherwise I _______ to the meeting. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come